The racial issue has always been one that arouses passion and often, animosity amongst rival races. Indeed, since time immemorial, conflicts have been waged by people of different racial backgrounds. The prospect of further racial confrontations was greatly enhanced after the Second World War, in which many multi-racial countries were hastily carved out of the ruins by the victors. The rifts between the peoples of different races often run deep and take centuries to heal. Hence, in a multi-ethnic society like Singapore, the importance of fostering a national identity cannot be overemphasised

What is national identity? How does it heal the deeply entrenched animosity between two ethnic cultures? The importance of national identity lies in its ability to help integrate peoples of various backgrounds by creating a mindset focussed on the national, rather than racial unity

By seeking to bridge the centuries old racial gap, individuals are encouraged to regard themselves as citizens of a nation instead of members of a race, and to gradually discard the suspicions of old

In most countries, the inculcation of a symbol of the nation's uniqueness is a long, arduous process. The most basic, fundamental step is the creation of the pillars of the national constitution. This includes the national flag, anthem, language, pledge and constitution. Malaysia, for instance, despite a multi-racial population consisting predominantly of Chinese, Malays and Indians, has a national song, "Negaraku" and pledge which aptly represents the ideals of the Malay forefathers who had founded the nation. The daily enunciation of such ideals, though criticised as a subtle form of brainwashing is essential to the development of national pride and unity

Sports is another way to foster a national identity. The hosting of major sporting events, especially involving the host nation can arouse the imagination and fire of a whole nation. Sporting success is also touted as a major unifying factor in fledging multi-ethnic societies which still harbour inter-racial dissent. The success of the South African rugby team in the recent Rugby World Cup held in Johannesburg is a case in point. Not only was this event a showcase for great rugby talent and excellent South African organisation, it also marked a huge milestone for the young democracy, symbolising the permanent banishment of apartheid rule. Black and white joined in the victory celebrations across the country, with President Nelson Mandela, firmly at the helm, rejoicing both sporting victory and nationwide achievement. The Sri Lankan win in the Cricket World Cup in Lahore, too has served to unite the warring Tamils and their Singalese counterparts. An observer said, "When Captain Ranatunga and his men play, all guns are dropped. Tamil and Singalese then renew their friendship in front of the tv set

" Clearly, the adrenaline in sporting arenas can bring even the most bitter enemies together, fostering national identity

The use of education as a tool in building a national identity is unprecedented

The recently launched National Education programme in Singapore aims to remind the younger generation of the trials and tribulations of this city state. Besides the historical aspect of these nation building programmes, a sense of patriotism can also be inculcated. The sharing of experiences between children free from racial prejudice in government schools untainted by racial-based streaming will greatly heal the age old ethnic barrier that has resulted in conflicts in countries such as Bosnia Herzegovina

In line with the building of a national identity through education is the emphasis on tolerance and responsibility towards others races to ensure the harmonious existence of one ethnic culture with another. For this purpose, the concept of moral studies has been introduced in some countries such as Malaysia

Success in economic and military terms also herald a stronger national identity. The uniqueness of a countries can be amply measured and admired by means of robust growth and military might. The United States of America is looked up to and feared simultaneously due to her great economic and military strength. Such is the tenacity of the American identity that they have imposed it in every corner of the world via Bill Gates' Microsoft, McDonald's and their military presence

Likewise, despite many immigrants from Latin America and Asia, each and every one of these individuals are proud to declare their American citizenship

Nationalistic pride and identity can also be fostered by the construction of monolithic marvels. The Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur is a great source of pride to every Malaysian, besides being a magnificent sight to behold

The current Rwandan insanity and turmoil prevalent in Sri Lanka are obvious illustrations of multi-racial relations gone awry. There is no denying that old habits die hard and even long suppressed racial tension can resurface, given the opportunity. Therefore, the fostering of a strong, unique national identity which bonds all citizens of a country, regardless of ethnic background cannot be neglected

Content: 23/30, Language = 15/20, Total = 38/50 (A1).
Good effort! Clear and well-argued. Systematic.